Metachronism and Frequency of Beat in the Peristomial Cilia of Stentor

Further Observations on Co-ordination and the Determination of Frequency in the Peristomial Cilia of Stentor

Effect of Cilia Beat Frequency on Muco-ciliary Clearance

Background: The airway surface liquid (ASL), which is a ï‌‚uid layer coating the interior epithelial surface of the bronchi and bronchiolesis, plays an important defensive role against foreign particles and chemicals entering lungs.Objective: Numerical investigation has been employed to solve two-layer model consisting of mucus layer as a viscoelastic fluid and periciliary liquid layer as a New...

Ciliary activity and the origin of metachrony in Paramecium: effects of increased viscosity.

The small dimensions of ciliary movement make viscosity of the medium a key factor in the hydrodynamic interaction of cilia. Because technical difficulties are encountered in direct observations of ciliary systems, little is known concerning the mechanisms by which the fluid medium actually influences the beat of cilia and metachronism. Gosselin (1958) observed in lateral cilia of mussel gills ...

Energetic considerations of ciliary beating and the advantage of metachronal coordination.

The internal mechanism of cilia is among the most ancient biological motors on an evolutionary scale. It produces beat patterns that consist of two phases: during the effective stroke, the cilium moves approximately as a straight rod, and during the recovery stroke, it rolls close to the surface in a tangential motion. It is commonly agreed that these two phases are designed for efficient funct...

Computation of the internal forces in cilia: application to ciliary motion, the effects of viscosity, and cilia interactions.

This paper presents a simple and reasonable method for generating a phenomenological model of the internal mechanism of cilia. The model uses a relatively small number of parameters whose values can be obtained by fitting to ciliary beat shapes. Here, we use beat patterns observed in Paramecium. The forces that generate these beats are computed and fit to a simple functional form called the "en...